Bacterial Superantigen Toxins, CD28, and Drug Development
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins
Every adaptive immune response requires costimulation through the B7/CD28 axis, with CD28 on T-cells functioning as principal costimulatory receptor. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen toxins hyperstimulate the T-cell-mediated immune response by orders of magnitude, inducing a lethal cytokine storm. We show that to elicit an inflammatory cytokine storm and lethality, superantigens mu...
متن کاملBacterial superantigen toxins induce a lethal cytokine storm by enhancing B7-2/CD28 costimulatory receptor engagement, a critical immune checkpoint.
Formation of the costimulatory axis between the B7-2 and CD28 coreceptors is critical for T-cell activation. Superantigens, Gram-positive bacterial virulence factors, cause toxic shock and sepsis by hyperinducing inflammatory cytokines. We report a novel role for costimulatory receptors CD28 and B7-2 as obligatory receptors for superantigens, rendering them therapeutic targets. We show that by ...
متن کاملTranscytosis of Staphylococcal Superantigen Toxins
Staphylococcus aureus produces a set of proteins (e.g., staphylococcal enterotoxin A [SEA], SEB, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 [TSST-1]) which act both as superantigens (SAgs) and toxins. Although their mode of action as SAgs is well understood, little is known about how they enter the body via the intestine and cause food poisoning. To examine this problem we used an in vitro culture system to ...
متن کاملDefense against biologic warfare with superantigen toxins.
BACKGROUND Superantigens produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are among the most lethal of toxins. Toxins in this family trigger an excessive cellular immune response leading to toxic shock. OBJECTIVES To design an antagonist that is effective in vivo against a broad spectrum of superantigen toxins. METHODS Short peptide antagonists were selected for their ability to...
متن کاملUnique superantigen activity of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins.
Certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus express one or both of two related, but immunologically distinct, exfoliative toxins (ETA and ETB). These toxins induce the symptoms associated with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Both ETs have been shown to stimulate T cell proliferation. Recently, it was reported that ETA is a superantigen that stimulates T cells bearing human Vbeta2 or several ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Toxins
سال: 2018
ISSN: 2072-6651
DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110459